Solar energy can be harnessed two primary ways: photovoltaics (PVs) are semiconductors that generate electricity directly from sunlight, while solar thermal technologies use sunlight to heat water for domestic uses, to warm buildings, or heat fluids to drive. Solar energy can be harnessed two primary ways: photovoltaics (PVs) are semiconductors that generate electricity directly from sunlight, while solar thermal technologies use sunlight to heat water for domestic uses, to warm buildings, or heat fluids to drive. Solar technologies convert sunlight into electrical energy either through photovoltaic (PV) panels or through mirrors that concentrate solar radiation. This energy can be used to generate electricity or be stored in batteries or thermal storage. This is the. A photovoltaic (PV) cell, commonly called a solar cell, is a nonmechanical device that converts sunlight directly into electricity. Sunlight is composed of photons, or particles of solar energy. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar. Solar power systems convert sunlight into usable electricity through photovoltaic panels, inverters, and battery storage, providing renewable energy for homes, businesses, and entire electrical grids.