This study uses a systematic review based on the PRISMA methodology to identify four main categories affecting performance: technological, environmental, design and installation, and operational factors. Balance-of-system efficiency; typically, 80% to 90%, but stipulated based on published inverter efficiency and other system details such as wiring losses. Energy Ratio, total measured production divided by total model production, thus considering the effects of both Availability and Performance. PSS (Photovoltaic Solar Systems) are a key technology in energy transition, and their efficiency depends on multiple interrelated factors. A photovoltaic system does not need bright sunlight in order to operate. It can also generate electricity on cloudy and rainy days from reflected sunlight. PV systems can be designed as. Solar energy can be harnessed two primary ways: photovoltaics (PVs) are semiconductors that generate electricity directly from sunlight, while solar thermal technologies use sunlight to heat water for domestic uses, to warm buildings, or heat fluids to drive electricity-generating turbines. The efficiency of the solar cells used in a photovoltaic system, in combination with latitude and climate, determines the annual energy output of the.