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Upstream raw materials are mainly divided into cathode and anode materials, electrolyte, diaphragm; midstream cell manufacturing and packaging mainly include electrode plate production, cell packaging, lithium battery assembly, lithium battery module and PACK; downstream applications are mainly in the field of consumer electronics, power batteries and
Free QuoteInnovation in the new energy vehicle industry provides essential opportunities for green transformation. This paper addresses several issues related to (1) the impacts of government subsidies on the innovation of Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises, (2) the heterogeneous sensitivity of innovation to government subsidies due to firms'' ownership and
Free QuoteEnergy efficiency is widely known to play a crucial role in managing the economy, resources, and environment (Guo and Yuan, 2020; Shao and Wang, 2023).Although some studies have addressed the influencing factors of energy efficiency, they primarily focus on the internal resources of cities while neglecting the effect of the external resources acquired via
Free Quotedemand for downstream new energy vehicles has directly driven up the demand for midstream power batteries, which has been transmitted to the upstream power battery raw material. Figure 1: Panorama of the power battery industry chain for new energy vehicles . Environment, Resource and Ecology Journal (2021) 5: 61-67 Clausius Scientific Press, Canada
Free QuoteBased on the panel data of 145 listed new energy enterprises from 2007 to 2020, this paper investigates how government subsidies affect the TFP of new energy enterprises and the moderating effects of market competition. 40 upstream enterprises, 52 midstream enterprises, and 53 downstream enterprises. This paper collates the data of NEEs
Free QuoteMidstream: China''s domestic power battery companies are led by CATL, followed by BYD, and other pursuers include Guoxuan Hi-Tech, LG New Energy, and China Innovation Aviation.
Free QuoteBattery, electric drive, and electric control technology must advance. Notably, these technologies are primarily centralized in the midstream enterprises of the NEV industry,
Free QuoteChina also dominates the midstream lithium-ion battery supply chain, controlling 60% of the world''s component manufacturing, according to BloombergNEF; this
Free Quoteof photovoltaic enterprises: evidence from “531 new policy” on China''s photovoltaic industry. Front. Energy Res. 12:1486351. midstream battery module manufacturing, and downstream The market failure and externalities theories say that the new energy industry needs help and protection from the government in
Free QuoteRelying on the new energy heavy-duty truck models of BEIBEN Trucks as the main force, the vehicle enterprises have successively launched the battery-swapping-type heavy-duty truck models in the fields of battery-swapping-type tractors, dump trucks, and special vehicles; Regarding the construction of supporting battery swapping infrastructure, Baotou has
Free QuoteThe panel data of 50 new energy vehicle enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2012 to 2021 are selected to empirically analyze the impact of government subsidies on the innovation of
Free QuoteFirst, resource competition occurs within the NEV industry chain, where innovation in the midstream and downstream sectors, such as control systems, vehicle
Free QuoteNew energy vehicles rely on batteries as their primary power sources. Lead-acid and nickel-metal hydride batteries consider factors such as battery cost, power ratio, cycle life, and manufacturing
Free QuoteTechnical support: MOKOEnergy''s experienced team of engineers in the design and development of various applications of BMS and panels has rich experience in solutions, including lithium ion battery value
Free QuoteSupply chain of new energy vehicle enterprises 4.1. New energy vehicle industry chain The new energy vehicle industry chain is divided into three parts: upstream, midstream and downstream. The upstream is mainly non-ferrous metals and chemical raw materials, the midstream exchange equipment and battery recycling, while after-market services
Free QuoteAs a sustainable storage element of new-generation energy, the lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is widely used in electronic products and electric vehicles (EVs) owing to its advantages of
Free QuoteOur findings reveal a significant increase in the production of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) by 37.0% and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) by 6.7%, primarily driven by financial subsidies in the private sector. the promotion effect on upstream and midstream enterprises is more significant. The panel data of 50 new energy
Free QuoteThe ''squeezed middle'' of China''s battery supply chain – encompassing precursor, cathode and anode active materials (pCAM, CAM, AAM) – is facing profound
Free QuoteThe subsidies have the greatest incentive effect on the R&D investment of midstream enterprises, which is 2.5 times that of upstream enterprises and 1.7 times that of downstream enterprises
Free QuoteAnalogously, the battery enterprises'' gap was minor upstream; nevertheless, the gaps between electric engine, electric control enterprises, and upstream were more
Free QuoteAs a crucial raw material for the production of new energy enterprises, fluctuations in the price of oil not only impact the future cash flows of these enterprises but also increase their risk. photovoltaic-new energy battery, hydroelectric-nuclear power, energy storage-new energy vehicle, energy storage-new energy battery, and new energy
Free QuoteExploring innovation efficiency (IE) and technology heterogeneity within the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry is significant for advising industrial growth and healthy development.
Free QuoteThis research provided new insights for enterprises to effectively utilize resources and optimize the reverse supply chain scheduling of an urban power battery. View Get access to 30
Free Quote(3) The regression analysis shows that the fit is good for upstream and downstream enterprises, and the change trend shows a positive correlation, while the midstream enterprises show the opposite
Free QuoteThis positive impact is more evident for small and medium-sized enterprises and new energy enterprises . Therefore, establishing a well-structured financial support system is crucial in ensuring rational market fund allocation, quantifying potential risks for enterprises, and providing solutions to reduce R&D investment risks while fostering technological innovation.
Free QuoteThe results indicated that: (1) the financial risk between upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain of new energy vehicles had a bidirectional conduction effect, and the conduction
Free QuoteThe policy dummy variable, DID, is the interaction term Treat × Post, used to determine whether PV enterprises are affected by the “531 New Policy.” 4.3.3 Moderating variable. The moderating variable in this paper is the industry chain dummy variable, Chain, where downstream enterprises are coded as 1 and upstream and midstream enterprises
Free QuoteIn recent years, relying on industrial policies such as fiscal and tax subsidies, China''s new energy vehicles (NEVs) 1 have achieved rapid growth in production and sales in a short period (Xiong and Qin, 2022).However, behind the prosperous scenery, problems have gradually been exposed, such as high subsidy standards for some vehicle models, excessive
Free QuoteThe new energy vehicle industry chain is a complex ecosystem wherein upstream, midstream and downstream enterprises interact with each other, and a clear industrial division of labor system
Free QuoteNew energy vehicles (NEVs) include electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, and hydrogen-based fuel-cell cars. this paper divides the industrial chain into upstream enterprises (suppliers of raw materials), midstream enterprises (suppliers of core components), and downstream enterprises (vehicle manufacturers
Free QuoteYou should avoid writing such a lengthy and duplicate sentence, as follows “This paper analyzes the mechanism of government subsidies on the innovation of new energy vehicle enterprises and the differences in the impact of different types of enterprises from a quantitative perspective, based on the panel data of new energy vehicle enterprises from 2012-2021, under the micro
Free QuoteThe reason is that midstream battery production companies are the most technologically intensive enterprises in the new energy vehicle industry chain. As shown in Fig. 3, the average ratio of R&D expenditure to operating income for midstream companies is 5.353, and it is showing a rapid upward trend.
Free QuoteThe emerging new energy vehicles (NEV) industry is strategically important for China. How to capture its operating characteristics is a challenging but meaningful work. Considering that physical network (e.g. buyer–supplier) or correlation network (e.g. financial contagion) can provide the effective market information for enterprises in the operations
Free Quoteprises of new energy vehicles as well as the differences among the enterprises in the new energy vehicle industry chain3, This paper puts forward the hypothesis that there is disparity in the impacts of the dual-credit policy on the upstream, midstream and downstream enterprises of new energy vehicles. 2 Model and data description 2.1 Data sample
Free Quotethe greatest incentive eect on the R&D investment of midstream enterprises, which is 2.5 Keywords New energy vehicles · Government subsidy · Corporate innovation · Threshold 2023; Wang et al., 2020). Battery, electric drive, and electric control technology must advance. Notably, these technologies are primarily centralized in the
Free QuoteMidstream companies that mainly produce batteries, electric drives, and electronic controls are the core of the NEV industry and an important focus of NEV. These companies face high R&D risks and long R&D cycles, making it difficult to obtain social investment.
The potential for geographical shift in the midstream battery supply chain is greater. In 2022 China accounted for a major share of the processing of key battery materials: about 65% of the world's lithium, 74% of cobalt, 100% of graphite and 42% of copper processing.
For instance, the midstream firms enjoy the financial, tax, and traffic preferential industry policies; downstream peers can get subsidies, but the upstream enterprises do not. Compared with the state-owned or large enterprises, the small or middle enterprises are inferior when applying for subsidies, finance services, and talent introductions.
Additionally, midstream firms face greater innovation risks, with higher uncertainties in R&D output and fewer channels for R&D funding. Consequently, midstream firms are more likely to use the subsidies provided by the government for R&D innovation.
The upstream stage in batteries involves the extraction of key raw materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel and graphite. In the midstream stage, mined raw materials are refined and processed to create active cathodes and anodes—the positive and negative electrodes for a battery, respectively—which are then manufactured into a battery cell.
TE of upstream and midstream enterprises surpasses 0.9, indicating their relatively effective DEA performance. Specifically, upstream enterprises' efficiency exceeds the average level of industrial chain, showcasing their exceptional performance across all aspects.